The development of computer technology in the 20th century has automated many tasks that engineers once performed by hand or simply were not feasible. Computer software programs allow engineers to perform computations at an ever increasing speed, raising the overall level of productivity of each engineer. Engineering software can be divided into several distinct groups. However, many specific programs may overlap categories, depending on the scope of the program.
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
CAD tools were the result of the evolution of the mechanical drafting process to the digital realm. CAD software began as a pure analog of the drafting table, generating 2D prints identical to those created by the draftsman.
This soon evolved to 3D drafting and modeling which allows engineers to more efficiently envision how parts and systems are assembled, and allow for parametric design of components. Many CAD systems integrate with analysis software and manufacturing tools, allowing for more functions to be performed within one program, rather than using separate, stand-alone programs for each portion of the design process. Examples of this type of software include Pro/ENGINEER and Solidworks.
Numerical Control (NC) /Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
These software systems are used to convert electronic design specifications into fabricated parts. NC is the simpler of the two, and consists of code that is written to control the actions of a specific device, such as a three-axis milling machine. CAM software is more complex, and while it can incorporate the function of NC, it can also be used to convert 3D part models into detailed manufacturing code while optimizing tooling efficiency.
CAM software can control a wide variety of manufacturing processes, from standard milling machines and lathes to electro-discharge machining processes, welding, and sheet metal fabrication. An example of this type of software is MasterCAM, but some CAD programs like Pro/ENGINEER are integrating CAM functions.
Simulation Software
A wide variety of software packages exist to perform simulations of structures, systems, and environments. Some of these include finite element analysis to evaluate structural responses and computational fluid dynamics. Examples of this type of software include Ansys, Algor, and Nastran.
Data Acquisition (DAQ)
DAQ software is used to collect electronic data from sensor inputs during an experiment. This software often controls signal conditioning hardware and also performs some initial data analysis or other computations. An example of this type of software is Labview.
Data Analysis
Data analysis software allows engineers to evaluate sets of data gathered from an experiment. These software packages generally include basic graphing and other visualization functions, but can also include signal processing and higher mathematical functions. Examples of this type of software include Matlab and Mathcad.
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
PLM software is a relatively recent addition to the suite of engineering software. PLM systems manage the lifecycle of a product, from concept and design through fabrication and service. These systems act as an umbrella, tracking all of the design, manufacturing, documentation, and service data for every component in a design portfolio. Examples of this type of software include Solidworks PLM, Siemens PLM, and several of PTC’s software offerings, including Pro/ENGINEER
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
While CRM software is often considered the domain of sales, marketing, and management personnel, it can also be used by engineers to evaluate the interests and behaviors of customers in terms of improving existing products or designing new ones. A wide variety of CRM options exist, generally as part of an enterprise resource planning system.
These software packages are generally used by engineers across all disciplines. For example, mechanical, electrical, and civil engineers all regularly use CAD packages as part of their design process. These packages have allowed for a rapid increase in the productivity of engineers and a reduction in the time to market.
Susan Kristoff - Susan Kristoff is mechanical engineer by trade, but has a diverse set of professional and personal interests. The glue that binds all of ...
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